3D-printed living materials with bioluminescent microorganisms react to chemical stimuli by emitting blue light. Battery-free and electronics-free autonomous sensors to monitor water and the environment through repeatable visual signals.

3D printing is the key to sustainability on Mars: regolith and titanium create resistant materials, atmospheric CO2 replaces argon, and in-situ production eliminates dependence on Earth. Earth-based tests are already validating the technology for future human missions.

Lignosulfonate-based 3D ink (70%), a byproduct of the paper industry. It leverages reversible physical interactions to eliminate solvents and chemical crosslinkers: processable at room temperature and recyclable up to nine times without degradation.

Tsinghua University's DISH technology revolutionizes volumetric 3D printing by eliminating layering. It uses holographic light fields and wave optics to print millimeter objects in 0.6 seconds with a uniform resolution of 19 μm over 1 cm of depth. Ideal for biomedicine and microfluidics.

4D Printing: smart materials that autonomously transform over time through external stimuli and AI. In medicine, orthopedic scaffolds and devices self-assemble within the body. The healthcare market will reach $4.7 billion by 2034.

The AddMamBa project transforms steel scrap into metal powder to print high-performance building components with 3D laser technology. Concrete circular economy to reduce emissions, consumption, and waste in the construction sector.

Colossal Biosciences has developed artificial eggs with 3D-printed shells and silicone membranes: 26 chicks have hatched. The technology aims to save endangered species and bring back the giant moa, whose eggs no living bird can incubate.

LEAP 71 compares a classic nozzle and an aerospike of 20 kN in CuCrZr: the first is stable and efficient beyond 93%, the second at 50 bar but with startup criticalities. Mature nozzle for immediate missions, promising aerospike for multi-regime efficiency and reusable launches.

ESA is developing Smart Skin, an intelligent 3D-printed skin for space robotic arms. The flexible coating integrates thermal protection, sensors, and wiring for lunar and Martian missions, overcoming the limits of traditional insulation.

Flexible 3D structures that become rigid: variable geometries, asymmetric struts, and central limiting structures allow for the controlled transition from flexibility to rigidity, optimizable with 3D printing and composite materials.

HyCAT, a Pentagon program, accelerates hypersonic aerodynamic testing with dedicated vehicles and commercial launchers, reducing time and costs.

3D bioprinting uses 15% GelMA and 0.5% LAP to create precise and reproducible tissue models. Photopolymerization at 405 nm and low/intermediate speed printing ensure high cell viability. The use of viscoelastic supports such as Pluronic allows for complex geometries without cell damage. Modular systems such as MagMix easily integrate existing platforms, improving